Time Line
Time Line
1935
Born August 16th in Camden NSW to Colin and Dorothy.
1938
Sister Robin born.
1945
Started doing biological experiments in hislaundry. Having read the life of Louis Pasteur, he wanted to emulate him in some ways.
When his local Methodist minister asked him what he wanted to be when he grew up, he said that he wanted to be an ear doctor.
Brother Bruce born.
1951
Finished his secondary education as a boarder at Scots College in Sydney.
1957
Graduated with honours from an MB, BS degreefrom the University of Sydney.
1958-59
Works at the Royal Prince Alfred and North Shore Hospitals as a resident medical officer.
1961
Specialises as a registrar in neurosurgery and otolaryngology.
Got married to Margaret.
1962
Went to England, where he worked as senior house surgeon at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital.
1963
Became senior registrar in otolaryngology at the Bristol General Hospital.
1963-66
Returned to Australia and began working at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital as assistant and then senior ENT surgeon.
1964-66
Worked with ENT surgery positions at the Alfred, Austin and Repatriation General Hospitals.
1964
Daughter Sonya Dorothy born.
1965
Daughter Cecily Anne born.
1967
Inspired by his deaf father, Graeme Clark begins researching the possibilities of an electronic hearing device.
1968
He completed an MS degree at the University of Sydney.
Daughter Roslyn Lucy born.
1969
Completer aPhD degree at the University of Sydney. During his studies, he also lectured in physiology at the University of Sydney and remained as senior honorary ENT surgeon at the Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne.
1970
Appointed a Professor and Chairman on the, Department of Otolaryngology, at the University of Melbourne. He held this position until 2004.
Set up and chaired the Deafness Foundation of Victoria.
Daughter Merran Rose Amelia born.
1977
Mona Andersons becomes the first recipient of a bone conduction hearing implant (Baha) in Gothenburg, Sweden. “I remember how excited I felt after the first fitting,” Mona recalls, “because for the first time since my childhood I could actually hear the birds singing".
Determined to discover a way to get the electrode placed securely in the inner ear, he finds a solution by experimenting with a blade of grass and a small turban shell. He also discovers the importance of a graded stiffness in the design of the electrode.
Engineers Jim Patrick and Ian Forster present the circuit diagram for the Mastermos
Silicon Chip, designed to provide circuitry for one of the ten stimulus channels of the bionic ear.
1978
Rod Saunders, the world's first cochlear implant recipient to show the benefit of multi-channel stimulation
1979
A medical device group called Nucleus, becomes interested in the practicability of Professor Clark’s work. Eventually, Nucleus, Cochlear and the Australian Government would partner to develop a commercially available implant and bring it to market .
Son Jonathan born.
1982
The first commercial Nucleus implant was implanted at the University of Melbourne. The recipient was Graham Carrick, aged 37 years. The ability to hear again marked a life changing moment for Graham, providing him with confidence and hope. “Giving people hearing is giving them life,” Graham exclaimed.
In 1982, three years after receiving his cochlear implant, Rod Saunders receives a new wearable speech processor
1983
Awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)
1984
Founded the Bionic Ear Institute and acted as its director until 2005.
1985-1986
The first two research paediatric cochlear implant procedures take place at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. Professor Clark keeps company with the first two paediatric cochlear implant recipients; Scott Smithand Bryn Davies.
1987
Mum Dorothy dies.
1989
Cochlear opens offices in Tokyo and Japan.
1992
One of the first paediatric cochlear implant recipients, Pia Jeffrey is featured on the Sydney Telephone Directory. Her picture was taken by a local newspaper and captured the moment when she first heard sound – “her face lit up!”
1994
Cochlear celebrates the 10000th nucleus recipient
1998
Nucleus 24 cochlear implant released.
Elected Fellow of both the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering.
1999
Made laureate professor at the University of Melbourne.
2000
Queen Elizabeth II makes a visit to the Bionic Ear Institute in Melbourne Australia and is interested in learning about the cochlear ear implant.
Brother Bruce dies of bowel cancer.
Father Colin aged 96 dies.
2001
Cochlear celebrates their 30,000th Nucleus
Awarded the Senior Australian of the Year
2002
Establishes The Graeme Clark Scholarship which aims to support cochlear implant recipients who wish to further their education with university studies.
2003
Professor Clark receives an award and becomes an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Melbourne. Made professor at the University of Wollongong.
He also receives a Doctorate of Engineering honoris causa from Chung Yuan Christian University in Taiwan.
2004
Awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).
Receives the Prime Minister’s Prize for Science - the $300 000 prize money he donates to the Bionic Ear institute.
2005
Receives the Excellence in Surgery Award from the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
He also receives the A Charles Holland Foundation International Prize for fundamental contributions to the progress of knowledge in audiology/otology and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Medal.
2007
Awarded the Australian Father of the Year award
2008
Made a distinguished professor at La Trobe University.
Delivered the Inaugural Graeme Clark Oration.
2012
Became a distinguished researcher at NICTA.
2014
Is among 76 staff at the Parkville laboratory (NICTA) who were made redundant or did not have their contracts renewed after the Napthine government cut $8 million from $10 million in promised funding.
2015
An award was established by The Graeme Clark Foundation to celebrate and acknowledge Science innovation in schools that has added value to the school community by raising the profile of science through innovative practices, partnerships and programs
1935
Born August 16th in Camden NSW to Colin and Dorothy.
1938
Sister Robin born.
1945
Started doing biological experiments in hislaundry. Having read the life of Louis Pasteur, he wanted to emulate him in some ways.
When his local Methodist minister asked him what he wanted to be when he grew up, he said that he wanted to be an ear doctor.
Brother Bruce born.
1951
Finished his secondary education as a boarder at Scots College in Sydney.
1957
Graduated with honours from an MB, BS degreefrom the University of Sydney.
1958-59
Works at the Royal Prince Alfred and North Shore Hospitals as a resident medical officer.
1961
Specialises as a registrar in neurosurgery and otolaryngology.
Got married to Margaret.
1962
Went to England, where he worked as senior house surgeon at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital.
1963
Became senior registrar in otolaryngology at the Bristol General Hospital.
1963-66
Returned to Australia and began working at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital as assistant and then senior ENT surgeon.
1964-66
Worked with ENT surgery positions at the Alfred, Austin and Repatriation General Hospitals.
1964
Daughter Sonya Dorothy born.
1965
Daughter Cecily Anne born.
1967
Inspired by his deaf father, Graeme Clark begins researching the possibilities of an electronic hearing device.
1968
He completed an MS degree at the University of Sydney.
Daughter Roslyn Lucy born.
1969
Completer aPhD degree at the University of Sydney. During his studies, he also lectured in physiology at the University of Sydney and remained as senior honorary ENT surgeon at the Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne.
1970
Appointed a Professor and Chairman on the, Department of Otolaryngology, at the University of Melbourne. He held this position until 2004.
Set up and chaired the Deafness Foundation of Victoria.
Daughter Merran Rose Amelia born.
1977
Mona Andersons becomes the first recipient of a bone conduction hearing implant (Baha) in Gothenburg, Sweden. “I remember how excited I felt after the first fitting,” Mona recalls, “because for the first time since my childhood I could actually hear the birds singing".
Determined to discover a way to get the electrode placed securely in the inner ear, he finds a solution by experimenting with a blade of grass and a small turban shell. He also discovers the importance of a graded stiffness in the design of the electrode.
Engineers Jim Patrick and Ian Forster present the circuit diagram for the Mastermos
Silicon Chip, designed to provide circuitry for one of the ten stimulus channels of the bionic ear.
1978
Rod Saunders, the world's first cochlear implant recipient to show the benefit of multi-channel stimulation
1979
A medical device group called Nucleus, becomes interested in the practicability of Professor Clark’s work. Eventually, Nucleus, Cochlear and the Australian Government would partner to develop a commercially available implant and bring it to market .
Son Jonathan born.
1982
The first commercial Nucleus implant was implanted at the University of Melbourne. The recipient was Graham Carrick, aged 37 years. The ability to hear again marked a life changing moment for Graham, providing him with confidence and hope. “Giving people hearing is giving them life,” Graham exclaimed.
In 1982, three years after receiving his cochlear implant, Rod Saunders receives a new wearable speech processor
1983
Awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)
1984
Founded the Bionic Ear Institute and acted as its director until 2005.
1985-1986
The first two research paediatric cochlear implant procedures take place at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital. Professor Clark keeps company with the first two paediatric cochlear implant recipients; Scott Smithand Bryn Davies.
1987
Mum Dorothy dies.
1989
Cochlear opens offices in Tokyo and Japan.
1992
One of the first paediatric cochlear implant recipients, Pia Jeffrey is featured on the Sydney Telephone Directory. Her picture was taken by a local newspaper and captured the moment when she first heard sound – “her face lit up!”
1994
Cochlear celebrates the 10000th nucleus recipient
1998
Nucleus 24 cochlear implant released.
Elected Fellow of both the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering.
1999
Made laureate professor at the University of Melbourne.
2000
Queen Elizabeth II makes a visit to the Bionic Ear Institute in Melbourne Australia and is interested in learning about the cochlear ear implant.
Brother Bruce dies of bowel cancer.
Father Colin aged 96 dies.
2001
Cochlear celebrates their 30,000th Nucleus
Awarded the Senior Australian of the Year
2002
Establishes The Graeme Clark Scholarship which aims to support cochlear implant recipients who wish to further their education with university studies.
2003
Professor Clark receives an award and becomes an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Melbourne. Made professor at the University of Wollongong.
He also receives a Doctorate of Engineering honoris causa from Chung Yuan Christian University in Taiwan.
2004
Awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).
Receives the Prime Minister’s Prize for Science - the $300 000 prize money he donates to the Bionic Ear institute.
2005
Receives the Excellence in Surgery Award from the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
He also receives the A Charles Holland Foundation International Prize for fundamental contributions to the progress of knowledge in audiology/otology and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Medal.
2007
Awarded the Australian Father of the Year award
2008
Made a distinguished professor at La Trobe University.
Delivered the Inaugural Graeme Clark Oration.
2012
Became a distinguished researcher at NICTA.
2014
Is among 76 staff at the Parkville laboratory (NICTA) who were made redundant or did not have their contracts renewed after the Napthine government cut $8 million from $10 million in promised funding.
2015
An award was established by The Graeme Clark Foundation to celebrate and acknowledge Science innovation in schools that has added value to the school community by raising the profile of science through innovative practices, partnerships and programs
Biography
Professor Graeme Clark is a remarkable Australian, he was born on August 16th in Camden NSW to Colin and Dorothy Clark.
3 years later, his sister Robin was born.
Graeme Clark had an interest in doing biological experiments from a young age and started doing them in his laundry at the age of ten. Having read the life of Louis Pasteur, he wanted to emulate him in some way. Graeme Clarks dreams of becoming an ear doctor surprised many people, including his local Methodist minister.
In 1945 his brother Bruce was born.
Graeme Clark went to school at Scots College Sydney and finished his secondary education there in 1951 as a boarder.
Graeme Clark then went to the University of Sydney and Graduated there in 1957 with an honours degree in MB,BS.
Graeme started his medical career at Royal Prince Alfred and North Shore hospitals in 1958, he worked there for 2 years.
In 1961 Graeme Clark got married to Margret Burtenshaw, his sisters friend who he had dated years earlier when she was still in high school. Graeme had been self-conscious about dating a high school girl when he was in his 3rd year of medical studies they had lost touch and continued on their separate ways. But then 3 years later both Margaret and Graeme visited his sister on the same day. Graeme realised the moment he saw Margaret again that she was the most intelligent and attractive girl he had met. A few months later on Margaret's Twenty-first birthday, Graeme proposed and Margaret accepted.
After starting his medical career in 1958 in 1961 he became a specialist as a register in neurosurgery and otolaryngology.
In 1962 Graeme Clark and Margaret went to England, by boat, Graeme studied at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. passing its exams meant qualification as a surgeon from one of the most prestigious colleges.
Upon passing Graeme gained a training position at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital. Margaret gained employment at a small private school in Wimbledon. The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital did not provide Graeme with the challenges or the experience he wanted in ear surgery.
When in 1963 another opportunity opened up for Graeme Clark to be appointed senior register in otolaryngology at the Bristol General Hospital working with the well-regarded inner ear specialist Dr Jack Angel James Graeme jumped at it.
In Bristol Graeme not only gained some interesting surgical experience, but he also continued his studies to gain a qualification as an ear, nose and throat surgeon.
Late in 1963 he returned to Australia where he began working at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear hospital as an assistant then senior ENT surgeon, he did this until 1966. During this time he also worked with ENT surgery positions at the Alfred, Austin and Repatriation General Hospitals.
Then on the 29th of March 1964 his first child Sonya Dorothy was born.
One year later on the 25th of August his second daughter Cecily Anne was born.
Then in 1967 inspired by his deaf father Graeme Clark starts researching the possibilities of an electronic hearing device. he was drawn to research because he wanted to restore hearing to the deaf . Graeme knew that in order to achieve his aim he would need to learn more, such as how the brain interprets sounds. He went back to University and in 1968 where he completed a Medical Science degree at the University of Sydney. Then the year after he completed a doctor of philosophy at Sydney University.
On the 10th of August 1968 his daughter Roslyn Lucy was born.
Graeme Clarke is a person who always tries to see opportunity where others see inconvenience and disadvantage. In 1968 when he had left a well paying clinical practice in Melbourne to return to life of a student in Sydney his car died, he could not afford another one so had to take public transport everywhere. He saw this, waiting for public transport as a time to think about research, a time to play with ideas that he could later test in the research laboratory.
In late 1969 Graeme completed his PhD thesis on the topic, "The middle ear and neural mechanisms in hearing and the management of deafness".
In 1970 he was appointed a professor and chairman of the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne. He held this position until 2004. At thirty-four, Graeme Clark became the youngest professor of medicine then serving in Australia.
On the 7th of November 1970 Graeme had another daughter which he named Merran Rose Amelia.
In 1972 Graeme departments facilities, which he had helped design and rise funding for opened.
Funding was a issue for Graeme's research towards a bionic ear so in the mid 1970s the first of three telethons were staged which provided a large portion of the money needed to carry his project forward. The telethons not only produced much needed funding , they also raised public support for the research.
One of the most fascinating phenomena in modern science is the role played by serendipity (a happy accident). It was Graeme taking a break in 1977 , while watching his daughters play in the sand at Minnamurra Beach, to fiddle with a turban shell that was to turn out to be a break through, it helped him discover a way to get the electrode placed securely in the inner ear.
On the first of August 1978 professor Clark was successful in inserting Rod Saunders with the first cochlear implant. Graeme's team was not the first to perform such an operation. Devices had been surgically implanted in France and the USA but they had produced minimal results.
On the 10th of November 1979, Graeme's son Jonathan was born.
A medical device group called nucleus becomes interested in the practicability of professor Clarks work, eventually, Nucleus, Cochlear and the Australian government would partner up to develop a commercially available implant and bring it to market. The Australian Government announced a one million dollar grant to extend over a two year period, this was the funding that took the Bionic ear to success.
in 1982 this Nucleus implant was successfully implanted at the university of Melbourne. Also in this year , three years after receiving his cochlear implant, Rod Saunders received a new wearable speech processor.
In 1983 Graeme was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia and in 2014 he was awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia.
In 1984 Graeme Clark founded the Bionic Ear Institute he was its director until 2005.
Graeme knew that the future of his device rested upon its ability to help deaf children. His dream had always been to give hearing to those born deaf - to cure deafness. On the 20 of August 1985 Graeme performed his first surgery to implant the device on a child - Scott Smith. Then in April 1986 an implant was placed on Bryn Davies who had lost his hearing aged 3. Both surgeries were a success with both boys learning to hear again.
All of Graeme Clarks implants so far had been on children or adults who had lost their hearing, what Graeme really wanted to know was, would the implant be effective on children born deaf. In April 1987 Graeme performed surgery on the first child born deaf. This year was also a sad year for Graeme as this was the year his mother died.
On the 13th of March 1990 Graeme performed surgery on the youngest patient- Sian Neame who was two years and nine months old. This surgery was a success and just four months after her surgery, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the Australian bionic ear as safe and effective for implantation in children between the ages of two and seventeen. Now children all over the world began to be fitted with the implant.
2000 was a very had year for Graeme he had the joy of the Queen visiting the Bionic Ear Institute and showing an interest in the Cochlear ear implant mixed with the sorrow at the death of his bother from bowel cancer and then his father.
2001 brought him the joy of being awarded the Senior Australian of the year. He received another award in 2004 - the Prime Ministers Prize for Science. This prize came with $300 000 which Graeme donated to the Bionic Ear Institute, when the then Prime Minister John Howard heard this he organised a government grant of six million dollars for the institute.
Over the years Graeme was awarded many prizes and awards one of his most treasured was awarded in 2007 The Australian Father of the Year Award.
In 2015 an award was established by the Graeme Clark foundation to celebrate and acknowledge science innovative practices, partnerships ad program.
Because of his determination and tireless research, hearing and speech can now be restored to people who otherwise would not give this opportunity.
Professor Graeme Clark is a remarkable Australian, he was born on August 16th in Camden NSW to Colin and Dorothy Clark.
3 years later, his sister Robin was born.
Graeme Clark had an interest in doing biological experiments from a young age and started doing them in his laundry at the age of ten. Having read the life of Louis Pasteur, he wanted to emulate him in some way. Graeme Clarks dreams of becoming an ear doctor surprised many people, including his local Methodist minister.
In 1945 his brother Bruce was born.
Graeme Clark went to school at Scots College Sydney and finished his secondary education there in 1951 as a boarder.
Graeme Clark then went to the University of Sydney and Graduated there in 1957 with an honours degree in MB,BS.
Graeme started his medical career at Royal Prince Alfred and North Shore hospitals in 1958, he worked there for 2 years.
In 1961 Graeme Clark got married to Margret Burtenshaw, his sisters friend who he had dated years earlier when she was still in high school. Graeme had been self-conscious about dating a high school girl when he was in his 3rd year of medical studies they had lost touch and continued on their separate ways. But then 3 years later both Margaret and Graeme visited his sister on the same day. Graeme realised the moment he saw Margaret again that she was the most intelligent and attractive girl he had met. A few months later on Margaret's Twenty-first birthday, Graeme proposed and Margaret accepted.
After starting his medical career in 1958 in 1961 he became a specialist as a register in neurosurgery and otolaryngology.
In 1962 Graeme Clark and Margaret went to England, by boat, Graeme studied at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. passing its exams meant qualification as a surgeon from one of the most prestigious colleges.
Upon passing Graeme gained a training position at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital. Margaret gained employment at a small private school in Wimbledon. The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital did not provide Graeme with the challenges or the experience he wanted in ear surgery.
When in 1963 another opportunity opened up for Graeme Clark to be appointed senior register in otolaryngology at the Bristol General Hospital working with the well-regarded inner ear specialist Dr Jack Angel James Graeme jumped at it.
In Bristol Graeme not only gained some interesting surgical experience, but he also continued his studies to gain a qualification as an ear, nose and throat surgeon.
Late in 1963 he returned to Australia where he began working at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear hospital as an assistant then senior ENT surgeon, he did this until 1966. During this time he also worked with ENT surgery positions at the Alfred, Austin and Repatriation General Hospitals.
Then on the 29th of March 1964 his first child Sonya Dorothy was born.
One year later on the 25th of August his second daughter Cecily Anne was born.
Then in 1967 inspired by his deaf father Graeme Clark starts researching the possibilities of an electronic hearing device. he was drawn to research because he wanted to restore hearing to the deaf . Graeme knew that in order to achieve his aim he would need to learn more, such as how the brain interprets sounds. He went back to University and in 1968 where he completed a Medical Science degree at the University of Sydney. Then the year after he completed a doctor of philosophy at Sydney University.
On the 10th of August 1968 his daughter Roslyn Lucy was born.
Graeme Clarke is a person who always tries to see opportunity where others see inconvenience and disadvantage. In 1968 when he had left a well paying clinical practice in Melbourne to return to life of a student in Sydney his car died, he could not afford another one so had to take public transport everywhere. He saw this, waiting for public transport as a time to think about research, a time to play with ideas that he could later test in the research laboratory.
In late 1969 Graeme completed his PhD thesis on the topic, "The middle ear and neural mechanisms in hearing and the management of deafness".
In 1970 he was appointed a professor and chairman of the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne. He held this position until 2004. At thirty-four, Graeme Clark became the youngest professor of medicine then serving in Australia.
On the 7th of November 1970 Graeme had another daughter which he named Merran Rose Amelia.
In 1972 Graeme departments facilities, which he had helped design and rise funding for opened.
Funding was a issue for Graeme's research towards a bionic ear so in the mid 1970s the first of three telethons were staged which provided a large portion of the money needed to carry his project forward. The telethons not only produced much needed funding , they also raised public support for the research.
One of the most fascinating phenomena in modern science is the role played by serendipity (a happy accident). It was Graeme taking a break in 1977 , while watching his daughters play in the sand at Minnamurra Beach, to fiddle with a turban shell that was to turn out to be a break through, it helped him discover a way to get the electrode placed securely in the inner ear.
On the first of August 1978 professor Clark was successful in inserting Rod Saunders with the first cochlear implant. Graeme's team was not the first to perform such an operation. Devices had been surgically implanted in France and the USA but they had produced minimal results.
On the 10th of November 1979, Graeme's son Jonathan was born.
A medical device group called nucleus becomes interested in the practicability of professor Clarks work, eventually, Nucleus, Cochlear and the Australian government would partner up to develop a commercially available implant and bring it to market. The Australian Government announced a one million dollar grant to extend over a two year period, this was the funding that took the Bionic ear to success.
in 1982 this Nucleus implant was successfully implanted at the university of Melbourne. Also in this year , three years after receiving his cochlear implant, Rod Saunders received a new wearable speech processor.
In 1983 Graeme was awarded the Officer of the Order of Australia and in 2014 he was awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia.
In 1984 Graeme Clark founded the Bionic Ear Institute he was its director until 2005.
Graeme knew that the future of his device rested upon its ability to help deaf children. His dream had always been to give hearing to those born deaf - to cure deafness. On the 20 of August 1985 Graeme performed his first surgery to implant the device on a child - Scott Smith. Then in April 1986 an implant was placed on Bryn Davies who had lost his hearing aged 3. Both surgeries were a success with both boys learning to hear again.
All of Graeme Clarks implants so far had been on children or adults who had lost their hearing, what Graeme really wanted to know was, would the implant be effective on children born deaf. In April 1987 Graeme performed surgery on the first child born deaf. This year was also a sad year for Graeme as this was the year his mother died.
On the 13th of March 1990 Graeme performed surgery on the youngest patient- Sian Neame who was two years and nine months old. This surgery was a success and just four months after her surgery, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the Australian bionic ear as safe and effective for implantation in children between the ages of two and seventeen. Now children all over the world began to be fitted with the implant.
2000 was a very had year for Graeme he had the joy of the Queen visiting the Bionic Ear Institute and showing an interest in the Cochlear ear implant mixed with the sorrow at the death of his bother from bowel cancer and then his father.
2001 brought him the joy of being awarded the Senior Australian of the year. He received another award in 2004 - the Prime Ministers Prize for Science. This prize came with $300 000 which Graeme donated to the Bionic Ear Institute, when the then Prime Minister John Howard heard this he organised a government grant of six million dollars for the institute.
Over the years Graeme was awarded many prizes and awards one of his most treasured was awarded in 2007 The Australian Father of the Year Award.
In 2015 an award was established by the Graeme Clark foundation to celebrate and acknowledge science innovative practices, partnerships ad program.
Because of his determination and tireless research, hearing and speech can now be restored to people who otherwise would not give this opportunity.